KARAKTERISASI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) SEDIAAN DEODORAN SPRAY

Abstract

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakterisasi dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun sirih (Piper betle L.) dalam sediaan deodoran spray serta mengevaluasi mutu fisik, keamanan, dan tingkat kesukaan pengguna. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap produk perawatan tubuh berbahan alami yang aman dan minim efek samping. Daun sirih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, antijamur, dan antiseptik karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, fenol, dan minyak atsiri yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab bau badan. Ekstrak daun menggunakan metode maserasi pelarut etanol 70%, kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam empat formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol), F1 (10% ekstrak), F2 (15% ekstrak), dan F3 (20% ekstrak). Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, kejernihan, viskositas, berat jenis, uji iritasi kulit pada relawan, serta uji kesukaan terhadap 20 responden. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap bakteri penyebab bau badan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak memengaruhi warna, aroma, dan kejernihan sediaan. Seluruh formula memiliki pH yang sesuai dengan pH kulit, yaitu 5–7, menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik, dan tidak menimbulkan iritasi pada kulit relawan. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa sediaan deodoran spray ekstrak daun sirih memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, dengan daya hambat terbesar terdapat pada formula berkonsentrasi ekstrak tertinggi. Uji kesukaan menunjukkan bahwa formula F2 merupakan formula yang paling disukai berdasarkan parameter sensori. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih (Piper betle L.) dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan deodoran spray yang stabil, aman, memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, dan diterima dengan baik oleh pengguna.
Kata Kunci: Daun sirih (Piper betle L.), Aktivitas antibakteri, Deodoran spray, Karakterisasi sediaan, Ekstrak etanol

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the characterization and antibacterial activity of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) ethanol extract in a deodorant spray formulation, as well as to evaluate its physical quality, safety, and user preference. This research was motivated by the increasing public demand for natural body care products that are safe and have minimal side effects. Betel leaf is known to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic activities due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, which have the potential to inhibit the growth of bacteria causing body odor. The betel leaf extract was obtained using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and was formulated into four different formulations, namely F0 (control), F1 (10% extract), F2 (15% extract), and F3 (20% extract). The evaluations conducted included organoleptic tests, pH, clarity, viscosity, specific gravity, skin irritation tests on volunteers, and preference tests involving 20 respondents. The antibacterial activity was tested against body odor-causing bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that increasing extract concentration affected the color, aroma, and clarity of the formulations. All formulations had pH values within the normal skin pH range of 5–7, demonstrated good physical stability, and did not cause skin irritation in volunteers. The antibacterial test results indicated that the betel leaf extract deodorant spray was capable of inhibiting bacterial growth, with the highest inhibition zone observed in the formulation containing the highest extract concentration. The preference test showed that formulation F2 was the most preferred based on sensory parameters. In conclusion, betel leaf (Piper betle L.) ethanol extract can be formulated into a stable, safe, and acceptable deodorant spray preparation with antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Betel leaf (Piper betle L.), antibacterial activity, deodorant spray, formulation characterization, ethanol extract