Pengaruh Program Intervensi Spesifik pada Anak dan Ibu Balita terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract

Latar Belakang Masalah: Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak berusia dibawah lima tahun yang disebabkan kekurangan gizi kronis. Masalah gizi terutama stunting pada balita dapat menghambat perkembangan anak. Untuk mengatasi kejadian stunting, maka perlunya intervensi spesisik pada masa kehamilan dan intervensi gizi pada bayi dan balita. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh program intervensi spesifik pada anak dan ibu balita terhadap kejadian stunting di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam Kota Banda Aceh. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini yaitu survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 16 - 30 Juni tahun 2022 di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam Kota Banda Aceh. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita sebanyak 722 orang. Adapun teknik pengambilan sampel secara proporsional sampling sehingga sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 89 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Kemudian pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh konsumsi tablet fe terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (p value = 0,019), pengaruh pemberian IMD terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (p value = 0,004), pengaruh pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (p value = 0,000), pengaruh pemberian imunisasi dasar terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (p value = 0,000), dan pengaruh pemberian MP-ASI terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (p value = 0,000). Kesimpulan dan Saran: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh program intervensi spesisik pada anak dan ibu balita terhadap kejadian stunting di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam Kota Banda Aceh. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kepada ibu agar lebih meningkatkan informasi tentang kejadian stunting dan faktor penyebab terjadinya stunting pada balita.

Kata Kunci : Intervensi Gizi Spesisik, Kejadian Stunting

Background: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five years old due to chronic malnutrition. Nutritional problems, especially stunting in toddlers, can hinder child development. To overcome the incidence of stunting, there is a need for specific interventions during pregnancy and nutritional interventions for infants and toddlers. Research Purposes: To determine the effect of specific intervention programs on children and mothers of children under five on the incidence of stunting in community health center Kopelma Darussalam of City Banda Aceh. Research Methodolog: This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted on 16 – 30 June 2022 in the Community Health Center Kopelma Darussalam of City Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all children under five as many as 722 people. The sampling technique is proportional sampling so that in this study as many as 89 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. Then the data processing was carried out using the chi-square statistical test. The Research Results: The results showed that the effect of consuming fe tablets on the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p value = 0,019), the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on the incidence of stunting in children under five (p value = 0,004), the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p value = 0,000), the effect of basic immunization on the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p value = 0,000), and the effect of complementary feeding of breast milk on the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p value = 0,000). Conclusion and Recommendations: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of specific intervention programs on children and mothers of children under five on the incidence of stunting in the Community Health Center Kopelma Darussalam of City Banda Aceh. Therefore, it is expected for mothers to further increase information about the incidence of stunting and the factors that cause stunting in toddlers.

Keywords : Specific Nutritional Interventions, Stunting Incident