DAMPAK BURNOUT SYNDROME DAN BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA PEGAWAI DI LINGKUNGAN DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN
Abstract
Latar belakang: Kecemasan merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan mental yang paling umum terjadi di tempat kerja. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan menyatakan bahwa kondisi kecemasan pada akhir tahun 2021 di Indonesia meningkat 6,8% dari tahun sebelumnya sebanyak 18.373 jiwa mengalami gangguan kecemasan. Berdasarkan studi awal di Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Aceh Selatan, dari 27 orang yang dibagikan kuesioner, 14 orang (51,9%) mengalami kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dampak burnout syndrom dan beban kerja terhadap kecemasan pada pegawai di lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh pegawai yang berlatar belakang pendidikan kesehatan di Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan yang berjumlah 40 orang, dan seluruh populasi menjadi sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data diperoleh dengan membagikan kuesioner Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), NASA-TLX, dan Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Metode analisa data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda dengan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan hasil uji chi square menunjukkan ada pengaruh burnout sindrom terhadap kecemasan (p-value=0,014) dan ada pengaruh burnout sindrom terhadap kecemasan (p-value=0,011). Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kecemasan yaitu burnout sindrom (Exp (B)=26,222; 95%CI=1,461 – 470,595; p-value=0,027). Disarankan kepada responden untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan gejala burnout dan kecemasan, serta mengambil langkah-langkah proaktif dalam mengelola gangguan psikologis yang dialami seperti melakukan olahraga, menjaga keseimbangan hidup-kerja, dan tidak ragu untuk berkomunikasi dengan atasan atau rekan kerja tentang masalah yang dihadapi.
Kata Kunci : Burnout Sindrom, Beban Kerja, Kecemasan
Background: Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems in the Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems in the workplace. The Health Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of Health stated that anxiety conditions at the end of 2021 in Indonesia increased by 6.8% from the previous year; as many as 18,373 people experienced anxiety disorders. Based on an initial study in the South Aceh Health Service Environment, out of 27 people who were given questionnaires, 14 people (51.9%) experienced anxiety. This study aims to analyze the impact of burnout syndrome and workload on anxiety in South Aceh District Health Service employees. This type of research is analytical with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all employees with a health education background in the South Aceh District Health Service Environment, totaling 40 people, and the entire population was the sample. The sampling technique used was the total sampling technique. Data were obtained by distributing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), NASA-TLX, and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaires. The data analysis method was analyzed univariately, bivariate using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate using multiple logistic regression tests with a 95% confidence level. Based on the results of the chi-square test it shows that there is an effect of burnout syndrome on anxiety (p-value = 0.014), and there is an effect of burnout syndrome on anxiety (p-value = 0.011). Burnout syndrome is the most dominant stress-related factor (Exp (B) = 26.222; 95% CI = 1.461 - 470.595; p-value = 0.027). It is recommended that respondents increase awareness of burnout and anxiety symptoms and take proactive steps in managing psychological disorders experienced, such as exercising, maintaining a work-life balance, and not hesitating to communicate with superiors or coworkers about the problems faced.
Keywords: Burnout Syndrome, Workload, Anxiety
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adiputra, I. M. S. et al. (2021) Statistik Kesehatan: Teori dan Aplikasi. Denpasar: Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Agyapong, B. et al. (2022) ‘Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and Depression among Teachers: A Scoping Review’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710706.
Astin, A. and Paembonan, A. (2021) ‘Faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecemasan perawat dalam penanganan pasien covid-19 di rumah sakit siloam makassar’, Jurnal Keperawatan Florence Nightingale, 4(1), pp. 31–35.
Aydin Guclu, O. et al. (2022) ‘Association between burnout, anxiety and insomnia in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study: Burnout, anxiety and insomnia in healthcare workers’, Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27(5), pp. 1117–1130.
Cahyani, W. and Frianto, A. (2019) ‘Peran dukungan sosial terhadap stres kerja sebagai peningkatan kinerja karyawan’, Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 7(3), pp. 868–876.
Creedy, D. K. et al. (2017) ‘Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: A cross-sectional survey’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1212-5.
Van Dam, A. (2016) ‘Subgroup analysis in burnout: relations between fatigue, anxiety, and depression’, Frontiers in psychology, 7, p. 90.
Demerouti, E. et al. (2001) ‘The job demands-resources model of burnout.’, Journal of Applied psychology, 86(3), p. 499.
Ding, Y. et al. (2014) ‘The mediating effects of burnout on the relationship between anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among community healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study’, PloS one, 9(9), p. e107130.
Dunstan, D. A. and Scott, N. (2020) ‘Norms for Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale.’, BMC psychiatry, 20(1), p. 90. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2427-6.
Evan Wijaya, A., Asmin, E. and B.E. Saptenno, L. (2023) ‘Tingkat Depresi dan Ansietas Pada Usia Produktif’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 12(1), pp. 150–156.
Fadli, F. et al. (2020) ‘Faktor yang mempengaruhi kecemasan pada tenaga kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan covid-19’, Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan.
Fernandes, M. A. et al. (2018) ‘Prevalence of anxiety disorders as a cause of workers’ absence’, Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 71(suppl 5), pp. 2213–2220. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0953.
Fitriyani et al. (2023) ‘Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kecemasan Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Menghadapi Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Batua Kota Makassar’, Journal of Muslim Community Health, 4(4), pp. 1–10.
Grenier, S. et al. (2019) ‘Association of age and gender with anxiety disorders in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis’, International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 34(3), pp. 397–407.
Hart, S. G. and Staveland, L. E. (1988) ‘Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research’, in Advances in psychology. Elsevier, pp. 139–183.
Herwawan, Y. P. and Siagian, E. (2021) ‘Faktor yang mempengaruhi tenaga kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian pandemi Covid-19’, Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 3(4), pp. 683–692.
Indriati, F. N. and Usman, A. M. (2022) ‘Analisis Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat Di Rsud Kabupaten B Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19’, Jurnal Keperawatan, 10(1), pp. 53–59.
Javaid, S. F. et al. (2023) ‘Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: global burden and sociodemographic associations’, Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30(1). doi: 10.1186/s43045-023-00315-3.
Kain, J. and Jex, S. (2010) ‘Karasek’s (1979) job demands-control model: A summary of current issues and recommendations for future research’, in New developments in theoretical and conceptual approaches to job stress. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 237–268.
Kemenkes RI (2023) SKI 2023 Dalam Angka. Jakarta. Available at: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan.
Kim, M. S. et al. (2018) ‘Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data’, Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 30(1), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x.
Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A. and Georganta, K. (2019) ‘The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR), pp. 1–19. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284.
Kwame, A. and Petrucka, P. M. (2021) ‘A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions : barriers , facilitators , and the way forward. BMC Nursing [revista en Internet] 2021 [acceso 2 de setiembre de 2023]; 20:158.’, BMC Nursing, 20(158), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8414690/.
Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (2016) ‘Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry’, World psychiatry, 15(2), pp. 103–111.
Nursalam (2015) ‘Manajemen Keperawatan Aplikasi Keperawatan Profesional Edisi 4’, p. 342.
Özsungur, F. (2020) ‘The effects of boreout on stress, depression, and anxiety in the workplace’, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(2), pp. 1391–1423.
Pavicic Zezelj, S. et al. (2019) ‘Anxiety and depression symptoms among gas and oil industry workers’, Occupational Medicine, 69(1), pp. 22–27. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqy170.
Rana, W., Mukhtar, Sonia and Mukhtar, Shamim (2020) ‘Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak’, Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, p. 102080.
Riyanto, D. and Wasaraka, Y. N. K. (2023) ‘Hubungan Beban Kerja Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat Di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Tk Ii Jayapura Dan Rumah Sakit Tk Ii 170501 Marthen Indey’, Healthy Papua-Jurnal keperawatan dan Kesehatan, 6(2), pp. 429–435.
Rokom (2021) Kemenkes Beberkan Masalah Permasalahan Kesehatan Jiwa di Indonesia. Available at: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20211007/1338675/kemenkes-beberkan-masalah-permasalahan-kesehatan-jiwa-di-indonesia/.
Safitri, A. D. et al. (2022) ‘Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecemasan Pegawai Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Terkait Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)’, Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 32(2), pp. 167–178.
Salvagioni, D. A. J. et al. (2017) ‘Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies’, PloS one, 12(10), p. e0185781.
Sonnentag, S. et al. (2021) ‘Positive work reflection during the evening and next‐day work engagement: Testing mediating mechanisms and cyclical processes’, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(4), pp. 836–865.
Suradi and Syarifuddin, R. (2023) Beban Kerja: Teori dan Aplikasi Bata Ringan (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete). Nas Media Pustaka. Available at: https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-yCwEAAAQBAJ.
WHO (2022a) Mental Disorders, World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders.
WHO (2022b) Mental health at work. Available at: https://www.who.int//news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-at-work/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwl4yyBhAgEiwADSEjeNYgvjAHptxDsi9QcTZcnReb53n83p2Hv5R1gFf3ppZupgUpXAPpbBoCm-EQAvD_BwE.
WHO (2022c) WHO guidelines on mental health at work. World Health Organization.
WHO (2023) Anxiety disorders, World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders.
Widhianingtanti, L. T. and Luijtelaar, G. Van (2022) ‘The Maslach-Trisni Burnout Inventory: Adaptation for Indonesia. JP3I (Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia), 11 (1), 1–21’.
Wu, A. W. et al. (2020) ‘Supporting the Emotional Well-being of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic’, Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management, 25(3), pp. 93–96. doi: 10.1177/2516043520931971.
Wulantina, E. et al. (2021) ‘Kecemasan Mengajar Matematika Pada Pembelajaran Online Dan Dampaknya Pada Metode Pengajaran Guru’, AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 10(3), pp. 1444–1453.
Yulianto, H. (2020) ‘Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey (MBI-HSS) versi bahasa Indonesia: studi validasi konstruk pada anggota Polisi’, Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I), 9(1), pp. 19–29.
Zhou, J. et al. (2018) ‘Serial multiple mediation of organizational commitment and job burnout in the relationship between psychological capital and anxiety in Chinese female nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 83, pp. 75–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.016.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i2.4413
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 2615-109X
p-ISSN: 2442-4706
Principal Contact
Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DPPM)
Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia - Jl. Alue Naga Desa Tibang, Banda Aceh 23114, Indonesia
Phone: 0651-7555566
Fax: 0651-7555566
Email: dppm@uui.ac.id
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License