KEPASTIAN HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN DATA PRIBADI SEBAGAI HAK TERSANGKA BERDASARKAN ASAS PRADUGA TAK BERSALAH
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum perlindungan data pribadi sebagai hak tersangka berdasarkan asas praduga tak bersalah dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih maraknya publikasi identitas, foto, dan data pribadi tersangka oleh aparat penegak hukum maupun media massa sebelum adanya putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap, yang berpotensi bertentangan dengan asas praduga tak bersalah dan hak atas privasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran hukum dan analisis preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi belum mengatur secara spesifik perlindungan data pribadi tersangka dalam proses peradilan pidana, sedangkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana juga belum memberikan batasan yang tegas mengenai publikasi identitas tersangka. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan disharmoni norma dan ketidakpastian hukum yang berpotensi mengabaikan hak privasi serta menggeser asas praduga tak bersalah menjadi presumption of guilt melalui pembentukan opini publik. Penelitian ini menawarkan harmonisasi pengaturan antara Undang-Undang Pelindungan Data Pribadi dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana dengan menetapkan pembatasan publikasi data pribadi tersangka, penerapan prinsip proporsionalitas dan akuntabilitas, serta mekanisme rehabilitasi hak atas data pribadi guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum yang berkeadilan.
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