Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Terhadap Pencegahan Ikterus Fisiologis Pada Bayi Usia 0-14 Hari Dusun I Desa Sei Mencirim

Abstract

Berdasarkan data dari World Health Organization (WHO) kejadian Ikterus di Negara berkembang seperti Indonesia sekitar 50% bayi baru lahir normal mengalami perubahan warna kulit, mukosa dan wajah mengalami kekuningan (ikterus) dan 80% pada bayi kurang bulan (premaur) (WHO 2019). Menurut United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) terdapat 1,8% kematian bayi yang disebabkan oleh hiperbilirubin dari seluruh kasus perinatal yang terjadi di dunia. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah teknik total populasi yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Dengan memilih semua populasi menjadi sampel, maka jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 30  ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-14 hari di Dusun I Desa Sei Mencirim Kecamatan Sunggal Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat pada 30 data pengetahuan ibu terhadap pencegahan ikterus fisiologis pada bayi usia 0-14 hari, mayoritas berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 23 orang (76,7 %), dan minoritas berpengetahuan cukup sabanyak 3 orang (13,3%). Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan sikap ibu dengan pencegahan ikterus fisiologis pada bayi usia 0-14 hari mayoritas bersikap negative sebanyak 22 orang (73,3%) dan minoritas ibu yang bersikap positif sebanyak 8 orang (26,7%). Terdapat hubungan pengetahuan ibu terhadap pencegahan ikterus fisiologis pada bayi usia 0-14 di Dusun I Desa Sei Mencirim Tahun 2022 dengan hasil analisis dari uji statistik Chi-Square yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai p value =0,23 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan sikap ibu terhadap pencegahan ikterus fisiologis pada bayi usia 0-14 hari di Dusun I Desa Sei Mencirim Tahun 2022 dengan hasil analisis dari uji statistik Chi-Square yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai p value =0,32 (p<0,05). Bagi desa Sei Mencirim Berharap supaya tenaga kesehatan khususnya bagian kebidanan agar dapat mengembangkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya bagi ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-14 hari dan memberikan penyuluhan tentang ikterus fisiologis pada bayi usia 0-14 hari

Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Pencegahan Ikterus Fisiologis

Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of jaundice in developing countries such as Indonesia is about 50% of normal newborns experiencing changes in skin color, mucosa and face experiencing yellowness (jaundice) and 80% in preterm infants (WHO 2019). According to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) there are 1.8% of infant deaths caused by hyperbilirubin from all perinatal cases that occur in the world. The sampling technique used in the study is the total population technique, which is a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples. By selecting all populations as samples, the number of samples in this study were 30 mothers who had babies aged 0-14 days in Dusun I, Sei Mencharim Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency. From the results of the study, it can be seen that there were 30 data on maternal knowledge on the prevention of physiological jaundice in infants aged 0-14 days, the majority had less knowledge as many as 23 people (76.7 %), and the minority had sufficient knowledge as many as 3 people (13.3%). From the results of the study based on the mother's attitude with the prevention of physiological jaundice in infants aged 0-14 days the majority were negative as many as 22 people (73.3%) and the minority of mothers who had a positive attitude were 8 people (26.7%). There is a relationship between mother's knowledge on the prevention of physiological jaundice in infants aged 0-14 in Dusun I Sei Menistrim Village in 2022 with the results of the analysis of the Chi-Square statistical test which shows that the p value = 0.23 (p <0.05). There is a relationship between the mother's attitude towards the prevention of physiological jaundice in infants aged 0-14 days in Dusun I, Sei Menistrim Village in 2022 with the results of the analysis of the Chi-Square statistical test which shows that the p value = 0.32 (p <0.05). For the village of Sei Menistrim Hope that health workers, especially the midwifery department, can develop health services, especially for mothers who have babies aged 0-14 days and provide counseling about physiological jaundice in infants aged 0-14 days

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Prevention of Physiological Jaundice