Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi pada Anak

Abstract

Salah satu pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah adalah memulai vaksinasi anak berusia 6-11 tahun. Adapun reaksi simpang dari vaksin covid 19 yang dikenal sebagai Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) atau Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) adalah kejadian medik yang berhubungan dengan imunisasi baik berupa efek vaksin ataupun efek samping, toksisitas, reaksi sensitivitas, efek farmakologis, atau akibat kesalahan program, koinsidensi, reaksi suntikan, atau hubungan kausal yang tidak dapat ditentukan.  Pemerintah meminta para orangtua tidak panik ketika mendapati anaknya mengalami indikasi gejala kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi (KIPI) usai mendapat suntikan vaksin Covid-19. Beberapa indikasi gejala tersebut seperti nyeri pada lengan bekas suntikan, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, nyeri sendi, menggigil, mual atau muntah, rasa lelah, demam yang ditandai suhu diatas 37,8 derajat celsius, maupun gejala mirip flu dan menggigil selama 1 – 2 hari. Langkah penanganan dini yang dimaksud ialah membuat anak cukup beristirahat dan minum obat penurun panas jika diperlukan. Serta upayakan agar anak mengkonsumsi air putih yang cukup. Lalu, jika terdapat rasa nyeri di tempat bekas suntikan, usahakan tetap gerakan dan gunakan lengan anak.  Setelah melakukan penanganan dini, orang tua agar segera melaporkan temuan KIPI yang dialami anak ke Puskesmas atau ke sentral vaksinasi. Hal ini akan menjadi input evaluasi pelaksanaan vaksinasi kedepannya serta penanganan lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian : untuk melakukan evaluasi monitoring kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi Covid-19 pada anak. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Tahapan penelitian ini dimulai dengan penentuan subjek penelitian yaitu anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh 2.709 orang. Dikarenakan jumlah subjek penelitian yang berjumlah besar, maka ditentukan rumus jumlah sampel yaitu sebanyak 268 orang siswa SD di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh, setelahnya peneliti melakukan wawancara terhadap responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil pengumpulan data diolah dan dianalisa secara univariate dan bivariate menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menunjukkan adanya kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi covid-19 pada anak.

Kata kunci: kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi, anak

One of the controls that has been carried out by the Government is to start vaccinating children aged 6-11 years. The adverse reactions from the COVID-19 vaccine, known as Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) are medical events related to immunization, either in the form of vaccine effects or side effects, toxicity, sensitivity reactions, pharmacological effects, or other consequences. program error, coincidence, injection reaction, or undetermined causal relationship. The government asks parents not to panic when they find their children have symptoms of post-immunization follow-up (AEFI) after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine. Some of the indications for these symptoms include pain in the injection site, headache, muscle aches, joint pain, chills, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, fever marked by a temperature above 37.8 degrees Celsius, or flu-like symptoms and chills for 1-2 day. The early treatment step in question is to make the child get enough rest and take fever-reducing medication if needed. And try to get your child to drink enough water. Then, if there is pain at the injection site, try to keep moving and use the child's arm. After carrying out early treatment, parents should immediately report the findings of AEFI experienced by the child to the Puskesmas or to the vaccination center. This will be an input for evaluating the implementation of vaccination in the future as well as further handling. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the monitoring of co-occurrence after Covid-19 immunization in children. The design of this study used an analytical research design with a cross sectional approach. This research stage begins with determining the research subject, namely elementary school children in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh 2,709 people. Due to the large number of research subjects, the formula for the number of samples was determined, namely as many as 268 elementary school students in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh, after which the researchers conducted interviews with respondents using questionnaires. The results of data collection were processed and analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test to show the occurrence of post-covid-19 immunization in children.

Keywords: post-immunization adverse events, children