Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi : SCOPING REVIEW

Ridho Afriansyah P, Rafael Ginting, Herbert Wau, Perry Boy Chandra Siahaan, Onetusfifi Putra, Mardi Fadillah

Abstract


Kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya masih menjadi kajian riset yang perlu ditangani dengan cepat untuk menekan angka kejadiannya yang saat ini terus meningkat. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review untuk melihat, mengakumulasi dan mensitesis hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Kriteria inklusi pada studi ini adalah artikel yang terbit pada journal database terindeks PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier dalam Bahasa Inggris, dengan desain Cross-sectional, Case control, dan Cohort. Jurnal terbit dalam rentang tahun 2018 – 2022 dan 16 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi tersebut. Dari hasil pencarian 637 artikel dari 3 database (Google scholar, elsevier dan pubmed ) dimana 108 diantaranya merupakan artikel terduplikat dan dikeluarkan. Sebanyak 529 artikel yang tersisa dikeluarkan artikel yang tidak sesuai dengan inklusi sebanyak 517 artikel sehingga terdapat 12 artikel yang relevan dan dilakukan review serta dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi NVIVO-12 Plus. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa umur, merokok, konsumsi alkohol, diet rendah garam, aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh merupakan faktor- faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Tingginya faktor resiko kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi dikarenakan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik yang terjadi sejalan dengan proses penuaan, kebiasaan merokok ≥5 bungkus/tahun, konsumsi alkohol ≥100 gram/hari, konsumsi garam yang melebihi 6 gram/hari, kurangnya aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh yang berlebih. Penderita hipertensi sistolik terisolasi sangat rentan terkena penyakit kardiovaskular. Kejadian hipertensi sistolik dapat dicegah dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik seperti melakukan pekerjaan rumah, berolahraga seperti lari pagi atau sore, senam aerobik dan berenang dengan intensitas 21 menit/hari dapat menurunkan tekanan darah hingga 4-9 mmHg. Unutk pencegahan selanjutnya ialah dengan menghindari konsumsi alkohol serta merokok, menjaga asupan konsumsi garam tidak melebihi 6 gram dalam sehari dan menjaga indeks massa tubuh.

Kata Kunci: faktor risiko, hipertensi sistolik terisolasi, tekanan darah sistolik

 

The incidence of isolated systolic hypertension and the factors influence still a research study that needs to be addressed quickly to reduce the incidence rate which is currenly increasing. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. This study uses the scoping review method to view, accumulate and synthesize the results of previous studies on the factors incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. Inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in indexed journal databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier in English, with a cross-sectional design, case control and cohort. Journal published in the range of 2018 – 2022 and 16 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The search results 637 articles from 3 databases (Google Scholar, Elsevier and Pubmed) of which 108 are duplicate articles and were removed. The remaining 529 articles were excluded from the inclusion of 517 articles, so there were 12 relevant articles which were reviewed and analyzed using the NVIVO-12 Plus application. The analysis shows that age, smoking, alcohol consumption, low salt diet, physical activity and body mass index are the dominant factors that influence the incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. The high risk factors for isolated systolic hypertension are due to an increase in systolic blood pressure that occurs in line with the aging process, smoking habits 5 packs/year, alcohol consumption ≥100 grams/day, salt consumption that exceeds 6 grams/day, lack of physical activity and mass index excess body. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension are very susceptible to cardiovascular disease. The incidence of systolic hypertension can be prevented by doing physical activities such as doing homework, exercising such as running in the morning or evening, aerobic exercise and swimming with an intensity of 21 minutes/day can reduce blood pressure by 4-9 mmHg. For further prevention is to avoid alcohol consumption and smoking, maintain salt intake not to exceed 6 grams a day and maintain body mass index.

Keywords: risk factor, isolated systolic hypertension, systolic blood pleasur



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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i1.2782

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