Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi : SCOPING REVIEW

Ridho Afriansyah P, Rafael Ginting, Herbert Wau, Perry Boy Chandra Siahaan, Onetusfifi Putra, Mardi Fadillah

Abstract


Kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya masih menjadi kajian riset yang perlu ditangani dengan cepat untuk menekan angka kejadiannya yang saat ini terus meningkat. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review untuk melihat, mengakumulasi dan mensitesis hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Kriteria inklusi pada studi ini adalah artikel yang terbit pada journal database terindeks PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier dalam Bahasa Inggris, dengan desain Cross-sectional, Case control, dan Cohort. Jurnal terbit dalam rentang tahun 2018 – 2022 dan 16 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi tersebut. Dari hasil pencarian 637 artikel dari 3 database (Google scholar, elsevier dan pubmed ) dimana 108 diantaranya merupakan artikel terduplikat dan dikeluarkan. Sebanyak 529 artikel yang tersisa dikeluarkan artikel yang tidak sesuai dengan inklusi sebanyak 517 artikel sehingga terdapat 12 artikel yang relevan dan dilakukan review serta dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi NVIVO-12 Plus. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa umur, merokok, konsumsi alkohol, diet rendah garam, aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh merupakan faktor- faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi. Tingginya faktor resiko kejadian hipertensi sistolik terisolasi dikarenakan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik yang terjadi sejalan dengan proses penuaan, kebiasaan merokok ≥5 bungkus/tahun, konsumsi alkohol ≥100 gram/hari, konsumsi garam yang melebihi 6 gram/hari, kurangnya aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh yang berlebih. Penderita hipertensi sistolik terisolasi sangat rentan terkena penyakit kardiovaskular. Kejadian hipertensi sistolik dapat dicegah dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik seperti melakukan pekerjaan rumah, berolahraga seperti lari pagi atau sore, senam aerobik dan berenang dengan intensitas 21 menit/hari dapat menurunkan tekanan darah hingga 4-9 mmHg. Unutk pencegahan selanjutnya ialah dengan menghindari konsumsi alkohol serta merokok, menjaga asupan konsumsi garam tidak melebihi 6 gram dalam sehari dan menjaga indeks massa tubuh.

Kata Kunci: faktor risiko, hipertensi sistolik terisolasi, tekanan darah sistolik

 

The incidence of isolated systolic hypertension and the factors influence still a research study that needs to be addressed quickly to reduce the incidence rate which is currenly increasing. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. This study uses the scoping review method to view, accumulate and synthesize the results of previous studies on the factors incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. Inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in indexed journal databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier in English, with a cross-sectional design, case control and cohort. Journal published in the range of 2018 – 2022 and 16 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The search results 637 articles from 3 databases (Google Scholar, Elsevier and Pubmed) of which 108 are duplicate articles and were removed. The remaining 529 articles were excluded from the inclusion of 517 articles, so there were 12 relevant articles which were reviewed and analyzed using the NVIVO-12 Plus application. The analysis shows that age, smoking, alcohol consumption, low salt diet, physical activity and body mass index are the dominant factors that influence the incidence of isolated systolic hypertension. The high risk factors for isolated systolic hypertension are due to an increase in systolic blood pressure that occurs in line with the aging process, smoking habits 5 packs/year, alcohol consumption ≥100 grams/day, salt consumption that exceeds 6 grams/day, lack of physical activity and mass index excess body. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension are very susceptible to cardiovascular disease. The incidence of systolic hypertension can be prevented by doing physical activities such as doing homework, exercising such as running in the morning or evening, aerobic exercise and swimming with an intensity of 21 minutes/day can reduce blood pressure by 4-9 mmHg. For further prevention is to avoid alcohol consumption and smoking, maintain salt intake not to exceed 6 grams a day and maintain body mass index.

Keywords: risk factor, isolated systolic hypertension, systolic blood pleasur



Full Text:

PDF

References


Arija, V. … Basora, J. (2018). Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Health,Quality of Life and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Subjects: Randomized Clinicaltrial. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955- 018-1008-6.

Bakker, E. A. … Lee, D. (2018). Physical Activity and Fitness For the Prevention of Hypertension. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 33(4), 394–401. https://doi.org/https://sci- hub.se/10.1097/HCO.000000000000 0526.

E.Malavazos, A. … F.Morricone, L. (2021). Tri-Ponderal Mass Index vs Body Mass Index in Discriminating Central Obesity and Hypertension in Adolescents with Overweight, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.numecd.2021.02.013.

Hall, J. E. … Carmo, J. M. do. (2021).Obesity, Kidney Dysfunction and Inflammation: Interactions in Hypertension. Cardiovascular Research, 117(8), 1859–1876. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa336.

Kaplan, R. C. … Peralta, C. A. (2021). Current Smoking Raises Risk of Incident Hypertension: Hispanic Community Health Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 34(2), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa15 2.

Kii, M. I. … Jayanti, N. D. (2021). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Diet Rendah Garam Pada Penderita Hipertensi Sistolik. Media Husada Journal of Nursing, 2(3), 132–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3 3475/mhjns.v2i3.62

Ling, W. C. … Murugan, D. D. (2018). Chronic Administration of Sodium Nitrite Prevents Hypertension and Protects Arterial Endothelial Function by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice. Vascular Pharmacology, 102, 11–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.vph.2017.05.003.

Marsita, S. … Indriastuti, D. (2020). Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia Di Wilayah Pesisir Puskesmas Abeli Kota Kendari. JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT CELEBES, 2.

Princewel, F. … Viyoff, V. Z. (2019). Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hypertension Among Adults in A Rural Setting. The Pan African Medical Journal, 34. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.34.147.1751.

Puddey, I. B. … Beilin, L. J. (2019). Alcohol and Hypertension—New Insights and Lingering Controversies. Curr Hypertens, 21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 007/s11906-019-0984-1.

Rizkiyanti, D., & Trisnawati, Y. (2021). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Lansia. Jurnal Bina Cipta Husada, 17(1). http://jurnal.stikesbch.ac.id/index.p hp/jurnal/article/view/34/36.

Santos, D. C. … Pereira, Ã. S. (2021). Regular Physical Activity Reduces the Proinflammatory Response in older Women with Diabetes and Hypertension in the Postmenopausal Phase. Experimental Gerontology, 152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.exger.2021.111449.

Schattenkerk, D. W. E. … Born, B.-J. H. van den. (2018). Isolated Systolic Hypertension of the Young and its Association with Central Blood Pressure in a Large Multi-Ethnic Population. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(13), 1351–1359. https://doi.org/10.1177/204748731 8777430

Simanjuntak, T. J. … Utami, T. N. (2022). Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia di UPT Puskesmas Sigumpar. MIRACLE JOURNAL, 2(1).

Tamamilang, C. D. … Nelwan, J. E. (2018). Hubungan Antara Umur dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Derajat Hipertensi Di Kota Bitung Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal KESMAS, 7. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.p hp/kesmas/article/view/22132.

Widjaya, N. … Wijayanti, E. (2018). Hubungan Usia Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Kecamatan Kresek dan Tegal Angus, Kabupaten Tangerang. Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI, 26(3).

Xie, K. … Li, Y. (2021). The Different Risk Factors for Isolated Diastolic Hypertension and Isolated Systolic Hypertension. BMC Public Health, 21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1 186/s12889-021-11686-9.

Yang, G.-H. … Li, Y.-M. (2018). Effects of a Low Salt Diet on Isolated Systolic Hypertension. Medicine, 97. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.000000 0000010342.

Zahrah, N. A. … Nasution, H. N. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Sistolik Terisolasi Pada Lansia di Poli Geriatri Rumah Sakit HajiMedan.UmsuRespository, 1.http://repository.umsu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/17517/NADIA NTYAZZAHRAH.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

Zhang, D.-Y. … Wang, J.-G. (2020). The prevalence of masked hypertension in relation to cigarette smoking in a Chinese male population. Journal of Hypertension, 36(6), 1056–1063. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.000000 0000002392.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i1.2782

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


e-ISSN: 2615-109X
p-ISSN: 2442-4706

Principal Contact

Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DPPM)
Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia - Jl. Alue Naga Desa Tibang, Banda Aceh 23114, Indonesia
Phone: 0651-7555566
Fax: 0651-7555566
Email: dppm@uui.ac.id

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License