Determinan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita di Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Polda Aceh

Abstract

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang sering diderita oleh anak, yang disebabkan oleh virus ataupun bakteri. Penyakit yang menjadi penyebab kematian utama diseluruh dunia. Berdasarkan data Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Polda Aceh didapatkan hasil bahwa tahun 2020, jumlah balita yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 631 orang, tahun 2021 sebanyak 702 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan status gizi, status imunisasi, pengetahuan ibu dan keberadaan perokok dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Poliklinik Biddokkes Polda Aceh. Metode penelitian berjenis analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, populasi penelitian diperoleh pada saat pengumpulan data penelitian sebanyak 63 orang dan pengambilan sampel secara total populasi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. tanggal 21 November sampai 21 Desember 2022 di Poliklinik Bidang Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Polda Aceh. Pengolahan data dengan langkah editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, dan analisis data secara univariat bivariat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari 63 responden yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 50 (diperoleh variabel status gizi (p-value = 0.675), status imunisasi (p-value = 0.001pengetahuan ibu (p-value = 0.121), keberadaan perokok (p-value = 0.003). Kesimpulan penelitian ini ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status imunisasi dan keberadaan perokok dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita, sedangkan status gizi dan pengetahuan ibu tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Poliknikik Biddokes Polda Aceh. Saran bagi petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan penanganan secara tepat bagi balita yang mengalami ISPA dan memberikan edukasi kepada seluruh keluarga yang memiliki balita yang berkunjung ke poliklinik Biddokes Polda Aceh tentang ISPA pada balita.
Kata Kunci : ISPA, status gizi, status imunisasi, pengetahuan, keberadaan perokok

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease that often affects children, caused by viruses or bacteria. Diseases that are the leading cause of death worldwide. Based on data from the Aceh Police Medical and Health Sector Polyclinic, it was found that in 2020, the number of children under five who had ARI was 631 people, in 2021 there were 702 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of nutritional status, immunization status, mother's knowledge and the presence of smokers with the incidence of ARI in children under five at the Biddokkes Polyclinic of the Aceh Police. The research method is analytic type with a cross sectional approach, the research population was obtained at the time of collecting research data as many as 63 people and taking the sample as a total population. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Nov 21 to Des 21 2022 at the Aceh Police's Medical and Health Sector Polyclinic. Data processing is done by editing, coding, data entry, tabulating, and univariate bivariate data analysis. The results of the study were obtained from 63 respondents who experienced ARI as many as 50 (obtained variable nutritional status (p-value = 0.675), immunization status (p-value = 0.001 maternal knowledge (p-value = 0.121), presence of smokers (p-value = 0.003 The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between immunization status and the presence of smokers with the incidence of ARI in infants, while nutritional status and mother's knowledge are not related to the incidence of ARI in children under five at the Poliknikik Biddokes Polda Aceh. toddlers who experience ARI and provide education to all families who have toddlers who visit the Aceh Regional Police Biddokes polyclinic about ARI in toddlers.

Keywords: ARI, nutritional status, immunization status, knowledge, presence of smokers