Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Disabilitas Intelktual di SDLB Kota Banda Aceh

Abstract

Anak disabilitas intelektual memiliki resiko terjadinya penyakit gigi dan mulut lebih besar dibandingkan anak normal. Hal ini disebabkan karena anak disabilitas intelektual ringan memiliki IQ 55-70 dengan perkembangan fisik yang agak lambat sehingga mempengaruhi kemampuan motoriknya, yang berdampak pada kemampuan anak saat melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari yang mengarah pada bina diri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran status kebersihan gigi dan mulut anak disabilitas intelektual. Penelitian ini  dilaksanakan di 4 SDLB wilayah Kota Banda Aceh. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak disabilitas intektual yang berjumlah 57 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik Purposive Sampling dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu  disabilitas intelektual kategori ringan, memahami kata sederhana, memiliki gigi indeks dan bersedia menjadi responden, sehingga didapatkan 50 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Rata-rata skor indeks Plak 60 dengan kriteria sangat buruk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa status kebersihan gigi pada anak disabilitas intelektual masih perlu diperhatikan karena masih berada pada kriteria sangat buruk 96 %.

Kata Kunci : Status Kebersihan Gigi dan disabilitas intelektual

Children with intellectual disabilities have a greater risk of developing dental and oral diseases than normal children. This is because children with mild intellectual disabilities have an IQ of 55-70 with rather slow physical development, which affects their motor skills, which has an impact on the child's ability to carry out daily activities that lead to self-development. The aim of this study was to examine the dental and oral hygiene status of children with intellectual disabilities. This research was carried out in 4 SDLBs in the Banda Aceh City area. The population of this study was all 57 children with intellectual disabilities. The sampling technique for this research used the Purposive Sampling Technique with inclusion criteria, namely mild intellectual disability, understanding simple words, having index teeth and being willing to be a respondent, so that 50 respondents were obtained. The results of the study showed that the average Plaque Index score was 60 with very poor criteria. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the dental hygiene status of children with intellectual disabilities still needs attention because it is still in the very poor criteria of 96%.

Keywords: Oral Hygiene Status and Intellectual Disabilities